India’s journey toward renewable energy, particularly solar power, has been marked by remarkable achievements and rapid progress. By November 2024, the country’s installed solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity reached an impressive 94,167.83 MW. This figure represents over 59.39% of India’s total renewable energy capacity, excluding large hydro projects. The significant growth in solar energy is a testament to the country’s strong commitment to expanding its renewable energy base, supported by declining costs and advancements in photovoltaic technology.
In November 2024 alone, India added 2.048 GW of new solar PV capacity. This addition reflects an accelerated pace of growth compared to the previous year, as solar installations increased by 30.22% from November 2023. At that time, the total installed capacity was around 72.31 GW, making the year-on-year progress a remarkable achievement. This sharp increase underlines India’s determination to transition to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future.
The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy’s reinstatement of the Approved Models and Manufacturers of Solar Photovoltaic Modules (ALMM) Order has played a pivotal role in ensuring high standards for solar installations. Reintroduced on April 1, 2024, the order mandates the use of approved, reliable solar modules in government-sponsored projects. An extension of the policy to include solar PV cells will take effect from June 1, 2026, further enhancing the quality and efficiency of solar installations across the country.
India’s total renewable energy capacity, excluding large hydro, has now surpassed 158.55 GW. Solar and wind energy together contributes nearly 142.126 GW, accounting for 89.64% of the total. Among these, ground-mounted solar systems dominate, with a capacity of 72.14 GW. Hybrid systems add another 2.76 GW, while decentralized power generation through rooftop solar systems has reached 15.15 GW. Rooftop installations on residential, commercial, and industrial buildings are gaining momentum, providing localized energy solutions and enhancing energy security.
In rural areas, solar power is making a significant impact. Off-grid solar solutions, such as lanterns and microgrids, have a combined capacity of 4.10 GW. These technologies are bringing electricity to remote communities, improving living standards, and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Despite these accomplishments, the rapid growth of solar energy poses challenges. The sector must address land availability for large-scale installations and ensure reliable grid integration as renewable capacity grows. Additionally, continued technological innovation and investments in manufacturing will be vital to sustaining momentum.
India’s success in solar energy highlights the effectiveness of government policies, private sector participation, and increasing public awareness of renewable energy’s benefits. With solar power now forming nearly 60% of the nation’s renewable capacity, the country is solidifying its position as a global leader in the clean energy transition. However, maintaining this trajectory will require strategic planning and addressing emerging challenges to ensure long-term sustainability.
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