The Rise of Concentrated Solar Power: Driving Jobs,  Innovation, and Energy Security – IRENA Report

The transition to renewable energy is a crucial step in addressing climate change and ensuring sustainable economic growth. Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology has emerged as a significant player in the renewable energy landscape, offering numerous socio-economic benefits. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), CSP can contribute to job creation, industrial development, and energy security.

The deployment of CSP has been growing steadily, with installed capacity increasing five-fold over the past decade. However, its growth trajectory has slowed in recent years. Despite this, CSP remains a valuable technology due to its ability to store and dispatch energy efficiently. Unlike photovoltaic (PV) systems, CSP can provide electricity even when the sun is not shining, making it a reliable energy source for regions with high direct normal irradiance (DNI).

The socio-economic benefits of CSP are substantial. The renewable energy sector employed approximately 16.2 million people worldwide in 2023, and CSP alone could generate up to 767,000 jobs by 2050. These jobs span across various segments of the value chain, including engineering, procurement, construction (EPC), operation and maintenance (O&M), and manufacturing. Notably, 79% of CSP-related jobs require low- to medium-level technical skills, making them accessible to a wide workforce. Furthermore, existing skill sets from fossil-fired power plants can be leveraged to facilitate a smooth transition to CSP technology.

While CSP technology presents significant opportunities, its widespread adoption faces several challenges. High initial costs and competition from other renewable technologies, such as PV and wind, have slowed its expansion. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for CSP has decreased by 69% between 2010 and 2020, yet it remains higher than that of other renewable sources. However, its integration with thermal energy storage (TES) systems makes it a critical component for stabilizing power grids and ensuring energy reliability.

Government policies play a crucial role in fostering CSP growth. Countries that have implemented auctions and incentives have seen significant progress in CSP deployment. For example, Spain’s feed- in tariff (FiT) policy was instrumental in making the country a leader in CSP adoption. Similarly, South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) has encouraged CSP investment, with the Redstone Solar Plant expected to enhance the nation’s energy
mix.

Despite regional disparities, CSP has the potential to support industrial development and job creation in countries that lack domestic equipment manufacturing capabilities. By focusing on local content requirements and incentivizing domestic procurement, governments can drive CSP expansion while maximizing economic benefits. Moreover, research and development (R&D) initiatives can further enhance CSP efficiency and reduce costs, making it more competitive in the global energy market.

Looking ahead, the future of CSP will depend on strategic investments, technological advancements, and supportive policy frameworks. The renewable energy sector is moving towards high-efficiency solutions, and CSP must continue evolving to remain a viable option. By prioritizing workforce training, fostering innovation, and implementing clear renewable energy targets, nations can leverage CSP’s full potential to achieve a sustainable and resilient energy future.

As the world shifts towards decarbonization, CSP’s role in the energy transition will become increasingly significant. The ability to generate dispatchable energy, create jobs, and support local industries makes CSP a valuable asset in the global renewable energy landscape. With the right policies and investments, CSP can play a key role in shaping a cleaner and more sustainable future.