As India moves faster toward becoming a global leader in electric mobility, the issue of managing batteries at the end of their life has become increasingly important. With the rapid growth of electric vehicles and industrial battery use, concerns around recycling, loss of critical raw materials, and environmental damage from improper disposal have come into focus. To address these challenges, the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India has introduced the Guidelines for Implementation of the Battery Aadhaar System.
The Battery Aadhaar System is an indigenous digital identification and data storage framework created to ensure complete traceability of batteries across their entire lifecycle. It is designed to track a battery from the stage of raw material sourcing and manufacturing to its use, second-life application, and final disposal. By doing so, the system aims to bring greater transparency, accountability, and sustainability to India’s growing battery ecosystem.
At the core of this framework is the Battery Pack Aadhaar, which acts as a digital identity and data backbone for every battery placed in the market. Each battery is assigned a unique 21-character identification number called the Battery Pack Aadhaar Number, or BPAN. This number allows stakeholders to access accurate and reliable information about the battery at different stages of its life, helping to reduce information gaps and misuse.
The structure of the Battery Pack Aadhaar is divided into six key categories of information. These are broadly classified into static and dynamic data. Static data does not change over time and includes details such as the Battery Manufacturer Identifier, Battery Descriptor Section, Battery Identifier, Battery Material Composition Section, and Battery Carbon Footprint. This information helps identify who made the battery, what materials were used, and the environmental impact associated with its production. On the other hand, Battery Dynamic Data captures information that changes during the battery’s life, such as its current operational status and State of Health. This data is stored and updated through a centralized server.
To ensure ease of access and usability, the guidelines outline three main methods for accessing battery data. The first is an alphanumeric code section, where the 21-character BPAN is physically attached to the battery. This allows basic information to be decoded even without internet access. The second method uses a QR code, which also works offline and enables authorized users such as recyclers to access key static details, including material composition and carbon footprint. The third method is server-based and internet-enabled, allowing secure access to dynamic lifecycle data. This is especially useful for second-life users who need to assess the condition of a battery before reuse.
At present, the scope of the Battery Aadhaar guidelines covers electric vehicle batteries across L, M, and N categories, as well as industrial batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh. By acting as a common digital spine, the system reduces duplication of data across multiple agencies and supports the implementation of existing regulations such as the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022. It also helps the government verify domestic value addition under incentive schemes like the Production Linked Incentive scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cells. Overall, the Battery Aadhaar System represents a structured step toward a more transparent, efficient, and sustainable battery ecosystem in India.
