Interest to invest in the Indian renewable energy sector remains strong, according to a new report on India’s Clean Energy Investment Trends by the CEEW Centre for Energy Finance (CEEW-CEF) and the International Energy Agency (IEA). 15.3 GW solar PV (including solar-wind hybrid) was sanctioned in competitive tenders in the first half of 2020 overall, comparable to the capacity sanctioned over the full year 2019. This was driven in large part by the exercise of an option in June 2020 by two developers to expand allocations under SECI’s manufacturing-linked tender, capacities under which were initially awarded in December 2019. However, equity investor returns expectations rose from around 14 per cent in the first half of 2019 to 16-17 per cent over the second half of 2019 and the first half of 2020. The higher risk returns expectations are a reflection of heightened risk perceptions stemming from policy and market uncertainty over potential contract renegotiation by off-takers and the potential imposition or extension of duties on solar PV imports, further exacerbated by supply chain uncertainties caused by COVID-19 and delays in the signing of power purchase agreements (PPA) in 2020.
Arjun Dutt, Associate at the CEEW-CEF, said, “The robust market activity in the first half of 2020, including the participation of a few first-time investors, indicates that India’s renewable energy sector represents an attractive and resilient investment destination overall. Addressing persistent risks relating to discom financial weakness, the timely availability of land and evacuation infrastructure, coupled with recently heightened concerns over sanctity of contracts and uncertainty surrounding impending trade barriers are essential for unlocking low-cost capital flows at scale. This will be key for the attainment of India’s renewable energy targets of 450 GW by 2030.”
Lucila Arboleya, Economic and Financial Analyst at the IEA, said, “Interest to invest continued, a very good sign for the energy transition. However, capital spending is likely to decline in 2020, and uncertainty is now growing over India’s ability to attract a diverse pool of private finance from domestic and international sources to affordably meet its ambitious renewable energy targets in the years ahead.”
According to the study, investor risk perceptions were lower for projects with more creditworthy counterparties and those with better access to land and timely grid connections. This is indicated by equity returns expectations for projects with state off-taker utilities, which were 80-200 basis points (or up to 2 percentage points) higher than those with more creditworthy central government entities as off-takers. Equity returns expectations were also lower by 20-260 basis points for projects at solar park sites – which offer a plug-and-play model to developers – as compared to those where developers themselves make arrangements for land.
Further, the study indicates that the terms of project debt finance remained relatively stable over the period of analysis, with differences arising mainly due to off-taker risks. Lenders were willing to extend loans for long tenures (16–18 years) at interest rates of around 10–11 per cent for these projects. However, lending rates were around 50 basis points higher for projects with less-creditworthy state off-takers compared to those with central off-takers. In line with the lower risk perceptions, the study noted a stronger preference for central government entities as off-takers with project sanctioning shifted strongly towards projects tendered by central government off-takers over 2019 and the first half of 2020.
Land related constraints affected both the solar and wind sector. In the case of solar, challenges in land availability slowed the development of solar parks – the share of solar park projects in new capacity sanctioned fell from 54 per cent in 2017 to 7 per cent in 2019. In capacity terms, solar park projects dipped by 60 per cent from 2018 to 2019. Further, challenges in the availability of land in wind-resource-rich states, along with limited options for sourcing of equipment amid Original Equipment Manufacturer financial weakness, have translated into a decline in sanctioned wind projects from 6.9 GW in 2018 to 2.9 GW in 2019. No wind projects were sanctioned in the first half of 2020.
The study also found that the market concentration of developers sanctioning new solar PV and wind capacity remained high over the course of 2019 and the first half of 2020—edging up for solar PV and down for wind.
