Supreme Court Balances Renewable Energy Growth with Wildlife Conservation in Landmark Judgment

In a significant move that harmonizes the imperatives of renewable energy development and wildlife conservation, the Supreme Court of India has modified its earlier stance on the construction of overhead transmission lines in areas inhabited by the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB). The apex court’s revised judgment reduces the expanse of land with construction restrictions from 80,000 square kilometers across Rajasthan and Gujarat to a designated priority area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers.

This decision comes as a response to concerns over the fatalities of the Great Indian Bustard, largely attributed to collisions with transmission lines in their natural habitats. The Supreme Court’s initial order, dated April 19, 2021, had imposed significant limitations on the laying of overhead transmission lines over an extensive area, impacting the development of numerous renewable energy projects. These projects, particularly solar and wind, were favored in this region due to its high solar radiation and wind speeds, crucial for India’s energy transition goals.

Acknowledging the critical role of renewable energy in achieving India’s commitments to clean energy transition, especially under international frameworks like COP, the Supreme Court’s latest judgment presents a balanced approach. By reducing the restricted area, the court facilitates the advancement of renewable energy projects while still prioritizing the conservation of the Great Indian Bustard.

Further to its judgment, the Supreme Court has established a committee consisting of seven members and two special invitees. This committee is tasked with identifying effective measures and safeguards for the construction of overhead transmission lines that would mitigate the risk to the Great Indian Bustard population. The committee is expected to submit its report by July 31, 2024.

Commenting on the development, Mr. Shekhar Dutt of the Sustainable Projects Developer Association (SPDA) lauded the Supreme Court’s judgment as a “win-win solution” for both wildlife conservation and renewable energy development. He highlighted the court’s successful effort in striking a balance between the need to protect the endangered species and the imperative to progress toward renewable energy projects. This decision is seen as a significant step forward in India’s journey towards a sustainable and environmentally conscious energy future.