Zambia Balances Renewable Ambitions With Coal Push Amid Worsening Energy Crisis

Zambia is currently dealing with a serious energy crisis that has forced the government to rethink its power strategy. For many years, the country has depended mainly on hydroelectric power because of its rich water resources. However, a long period of drought, made worse by the El Niño, has sharply reduced water levels in major reservoirs. One of the worst-hit sites is the Kariba Dam, where water levels have fallen to very low levels, limiting electricity generation.

This situation has created a large gap in electricity supply across the country. As a result, households and businesses are facing frequent power cuts. The impact is especially severe on industries, particularly mining, which is a key part of the national economy and depends heavily on a stable power supply.

To address the crisis, the government, along with the state-owned utility ZESCO Limited, is now focusing on diversifying the energy mix. One of the main steps being considered is a return to coal-based power generation. Although many countries are moving toward cleaner energy sources, Zambia’s urgent need for continuous and reliable electricity has made coal a practical short-term option.

A major part of this plan involves expanding the Maamba Collieries Power Station, which is the country’s largest coal-fired power plant. Authorities are planning to add a second phase to the project, which is expected to generate several hundred megawatts of additional power. This expansion is seen as critical to stabilizing the grid and supporting economic activities, especially in the mining sector.

At the same time, this shift back to coal brings challenges. Zambia has previously shown commitment to global climate goals, and increasing the use of fossil fuels could affect its relationship with international investors and climate-focused funding agencies. Despite these concerns, the government has described the move as necessary for national security and economic stability.

Officials have also clarified that renewable energy projects, including solar and wind, are still being developed. However, these sources are not yet able to provide the steady and large-scale power needed during extreme weather conditions like droughts.

Overall, Zambia’s decision reflects a practical approach to an urgent problem. While the country continues to work toward a cleaner and more balanced energy system, its immediate priority is to ensure a stable electricity supply and protect its economy from further disruption.