The per capita energy consumption in India has shown steady growth over the past three years. In FY 2020-21, it was recorded at 1,161 kWh, increasing to 1,255 kWh in FY 2021-22 and reaching 1,331 kWh in FY 2022-23. The details of energy supplied and generation, including the contribution of renewable sources, have been compiled for the last three years and the current year until October 2024.
To promote renewable energy and meet the target of 500 GW of non-fossil energy capacity by 2030, the Government of India has implemented several initiatives. A bidding trajectory has been introduced for renewable energy procurement of 50 GW annually from FY 2023-24 to FY 2027-28. The government has allowed 100% foreign direct investment in the renewable energy sector under the automatic route. Waivers on inter-state transmission system charges have been extended for solar and wind projects commissioned by June 2025, green hydrogen projects until December 2030, and offshore wind projects until December 2032.
Renewable Purchase Obligations and Renewable Consumption Obligations have been notified to boost renewable energy consumption, with penalties for non-compliance. Standard bidding guidelines have been issued for competitive procurement of power from solar, wind, hybrid, and firm renewable energy projects. Various schemes such as PM-KUSUM, PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, the National Programme on High-Efficiency Solar PV Modules, and the National Green Hydrogen Mission are being implemented to encourage the adoption of renewable energy. The Viability Gap Funding scheme supports offshore wind energy projects, and large-scale renewable energy parks are being developed to facilitate installations.
To enhance transmission capacity for renewable energy, the Green Energy Corridor Scheme is funding the construction of new transmission lines and substations. A strategy for offshore wind energy development includes a bidding trajectory of 37 GW by 2030, and the Offshore Wind Energy Lease Rules, 2023, provide regulations for leasing offshore areas. A transmission plan has been prepared to support the renewable energy trajectory up to 2030. The Green Energy Open Access Rules, 2022, enable consumers with a demand of 100 kW or more to access affordable green energy. The Green Term Ahead Market allows renewable energy trading through exchanges.
The Production Linked Incentive scheme for high-efficiency solar PV modules with a financial outlay of ₹24,000 crore aims to create gigawatt-scale manufacturing capacity. Measures to integrate renewable energy into the national grid focus on reliability and stability. Inter-state and intra-state transmission networks are being strengthened, and thermal generation is being made flexible to address renewable energy variability. Compliance with grid connection standards is verified to ensure secure operations. Renewable energy plants are also required to participate in frequency control during contingencies. Hybrid renewable energy plants and energy storage systems like battery energy storage and pumped storage are promoted to mitigate variability and support grid stability.
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