India is accelerating its transition toward low-carbon industrial growth, with several Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) projects now operational, under execution, and in the pipeline across multiple states and Union Territories.
According to a written reply presented in the Lok Sabha by Minister of State for Power, Shri Shripad Naik, the country is witnessing steady progress in deploying CCU technologies across key industrial clusters.
At the operational level, three major facilities have already been commissioned. In Madhya Pradesh, NTPC Ltd. has established a 3,000 tonnes per annum (TPA) flue gas CO₂-to-methanol plant at Vindhyachal. Tamil Nadu hosts a 60,000 TPA CO₂ capture facility in Thoothukudi operated by Tuticorin Alkali Chemicals & Fertilizers Ltd.. Meanwhile, in Maharashtra, JSW Steel is running a 500 tonnes per day (TPD) CO₂ capture unit at its Salav plant.
A significant pipeline of projects is currently under construction or execution, particularly concentrated in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. NTPC Ltd. is leading multiple initiatives in Pudimadaka, including CO₂-to-ethanol and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) projects. Additionally, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited is progressing a 24 KTPA CCU unit at its Visakhapatnam refinery, which has reached mechanical completion.
Innovative applications are also emerging, such as carbonated fly-ash brick manufacturing at Ramagundam and advanced CO₂ hydrogenation processes being developed through collaborations between research institutions and industry players like BHEL Ltd and Thermax Ltd..
Beyond projects under execution, a wide range of CCU initiatives has been proposed across states including Assam, Gujarat, Odisha, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. These projects span enhanced oil recovery (EOR), carbon mineralisation in cement production, and conversion of CO₂ into value-added chemicals such as acetic acid and polycarbonates.
Public sector undertakings such as Oil India Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., ONGC Ltd., and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited are playing a central role in advancing these initiatives, often in collaboration with leading research institutions including IITs and CSIR laboratories.
The expansion of CCU infrastructure signals India’s strategic push to integrate carbon management technologies into its industrial ecosystem, supporting both emission reduction goals and the development of a circular carbon economy.
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 projects across multiple states, with operational, under-construction, and proposed initiatives led by NTPC, IOCL, ONGC, and other key players to support a low-carbon economy.){kind=link}