Lesotho Explores Floating Solar PV Projects On Katse And Mohale Reservoirs

Lesotho is moving ahead with plans to explore floating solar photovoltaic (PV) technology as part of its clean energy expansion strategy. The Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) has issued a request for proposals from consultancy firms to conduct feasibility studies for floating solar projects on the Katse and Mohale reservoirs. These reservoirs are among the country’s most important water bodies and form part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project, a major bilateral initiative between Lesotho and South Africa.

The proposed studies will examine whether floating solar plants can be successfully developed on the reservoirs and how they could support the country’s growing electricity needs. The initiative reflects a wider trend across Africa, where governments are increasingly investing in renewable energy technologies to diversify power generation and reduce dependence on fossil fuels and climate-sensitive energy sources.

Lesotho has long depended on hydropower because of its mountainous geography and abundant water resources. However, changing weather patterns and recurring drought conditions have raised concerns about the reliability of hydroelectric generation. By introducing floating solar systems, the country aims to strengthen energy security while making better use of existing infrastructure.

Floating solar technology involves installing solar panels directly on water surfaces instead of land. This approach offers several advantages for countries with limited land availability or competing land-use demands. In Lesotho’s case, the reservoirs provide large open surfaces that can receive strong sunlight throughout the year, creating suitable conditions for solar electricity generation.

The integration of floating solar with hydropower infrastructure could also create operational benefits. The floating panels help reduce water evaporation by shading the reservoir surface, which can preserve valuable water resources during dry periods. Conserved water can then be used to maintain hydropower production when rainfall levels are low. In addition, the cooling effect from the water can improve the efficiency of solar panels, enabling them to produce more electricity compared to conventional land-based installations.

Another important advantage is that the reservoirs are already connected to transmission infrastructure through existing hydropower facilities. This could reduce grid connection costs and simplify project implementation, making the projects more economically viable.

The LHDA has invited interested consultancy firms to submit both technical and financial proposals for the studies. The selection process will focus on quality, technical capability, and cost-effectiveness. If the projects move forward successfully, floating solar could play a major role in helping Lesotho achieve its clean energy goals, improve electricity access, and strengthen its position as a renewable energy hub in Southern Africa.